Heavy Rain
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Heavy Rain is a 2010 interactive drama action-adventure video game developed by Quantic Dream and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. The game features four protagonists involved with the mystery of the Origami Killer, a serial murderer who uses extended periods of rainfall to drown his victims. The player interacts with the game by performing actions highlighted on screen related to motions on the controller, and in some cases, performing a series of quick time events. The player's decisions and actions during the game affect the narrative.
The day after celebrating his son Jason's tenth birthday, Ethan Mars (Pascal Langdale)[12] and his family go shopping. Jason and Ethan are hit by a car; Jason dies, and Ethan falls into a six-month coma. After he wakes from the coma, Ethan, blaming himself for Jason's death, divorces his wife Grace and moves into a small suburban house while experiencing mental trauma and blackouts. Two years later, Ethan blacks out at the park with his other son Shaun. When he wakes up, he discovers that Shaun has been kidnapped by the "Origami Killer," a serial killer whose modus operandi consists of abducting young boys during the fall season, drowning them in rainwater, and leaving an orchid on their chests and an origami figure nearby. Norman Jayden (Leon Ockenden),[12] an FBI profiler struggling with addiction to a drug called Triptocaine, investigates the death of another Origami victim and concludes that he died the same day as a violent rainstorm, which flooded the cell where he was kept. He estimates that Shaun has only three days to live based on weather patterns.[8]
Throughout the game, the player experiences two separate flashbacks that reveal the true nature of the Origami Killer. The first occurred 34 years earlier, with twin brothers playing on a construction site. One of the two, John Sheppard, falls into a broken pipe and gets his leg trapped just as a rainstorm causes the pipe to begin filling with water. The second occurs shortly after, with John's brother running home to warn their father, only to find him too drunk to help. Scared and confused, the boy could only watch helplessly as his brother drowned. Thus, the Origami Killer was born: a killer who searches for a father willing to sacrifice himself. He kills his victims the same way his brother died. The boy is revealed to be Scott, who was adopted soon after his brother's death. His actions as an investigator are not meant to get justice for his victims; instead, he needs to collect the evidence of his crimes, which he burns in his office wastebasket.[8]
Conversely, Ellis thought the "cumbersome" control scheme was the least appealing aspect,[9] a complaint repeated by Edge staff, who also found the scene structure to be confusing.[7] Bramwell mentioned that the writing occasionally lacked "poetry or restraint", noticing a trend of clichés in the dialogue as well as broken English from the voice actors.[55][60] In agreement with Edge staff and Bramwell, Juba indicated plot holes within the story and poorly articulated voice acting.[56] Anderson concurred, accusing the narrative inconsistencies of reducing the immersion. The control system was perceived as "clumsy and imprecise".[10] Despite the realistic character models, Gallegos acknowledged a sense of unease evoked by the uncanny valley.[57] Roper disparaged the graphics of clothes, hands, and objects for not being as detailed as hoped, and followed in the view that non-American accents from American characters sounded "weird".[58][61][62]
When the story continues, two years have passed. Ethan and Grace have separated and Shaun has grown into a distant and depressed child. Ethan and Grace have dual custody of Shaun and Ethan has him for a week. Ethan and Shaun's relationship is greatly strained and uncomfortable as seen in their interactions while at home. On that day, he receives a strange letter with no return address; he opens and reads it, but gives it little thought. After Ethan puts Shaun to bed, he blacks out and awakes to find himself on an unfamiliar street, holding a small origami dog in his hand.
The following morning, Ethan reopens the letter he received before Shaun went missing. He finds a small ticket inside with the information and code of a locker at Lexington Station. He rushes to the train station only to find that it is crowded with people. He breaks down and suffers a severe anxiety attack due to his agoraphobia. Ethan begins to hallucinate that Jason is in the station with him, calling Ethan's name and searching for him through the crowds of people. Ethan tries to reach him, but every time he gets close, Jason disappears. When he manages to calm himself, Ethan finds the appropriate locker and opens it, finding a box much like the one Hassan gives to Scott.
Meanwhile, Norman has a meeting with Captain Perry and Blake and presents a profile of the Origami Killer as well as a possible area where the killer may live. He compiles and presents his evidence to Perry and using ARI. Tempers flare and Norman's relationship with Blake becomes strained; however, Blake insists that Nathaniel Williams is a suspect and he and Jayden head off to his apartment. After finding that no one is home, Blake kicks in Nathaniel's door and they enter. From the moment they enter his apartment, Jayden knows that Nathaniel has nothing to do with the murders. Nathaniel is severely mentally ill, and Blake informs Norman that Nathaniel believes he is the Antichrist. Nathaniel returns home to find Jayden and Blake in his apartment. Blake verbally harasses Nathaniel, who pulls out a gun and threatens Blake. Jayden is able to calm Nathaniel down and he is arrested.
At this time, Madison heads to Adrian Baker's house. As Baker owns the apartment on Marble Street, she believes that he may be or know something about the Origami Killer. Madison is knocked out, either by consuming the drugged drink offered to her or by blunt force. She wakes up tied to a makeshift surgery table and finds Baker caressing her and surrounded by bloody instruments. He attempts to harm her using a cordless drill but is interrupted by the doorbell. Madison is able to free herself from the ropes used to restrain her and a fight ensues. Madison kills Baker in self-defense and gets a business card from the Blue Lagoon to meet up with "Paco," whose name was written on the back of the card.
In the same interview, Cage commented on the setting by saying "I don't want to do a big free-roaming city like GTA, because the flow of the story will then be hard to control. Nevertheless, I do want to incorporate big sets, with a crowd, heavy populated areas like a mall and a subway are going to be in there. Of course, the gameplay has got to make use of that aspect too." The main characters are looking for a serial killer known as the Origami Killer.[4]
As we write this article spring rains are coming hard and fast causing substantial soil erosion when soils are most vulnerable because of degraded crop residue cover, soil preparation by tillage and no crop canopy.
The soil profiles in most of Iowa are now filled to capacity with water. The profiles are at or near saturation. Therefore, the intensity and amount of rain we received have exceeded the soil capacity to filter water and minimize surface runoff even in fields with the most adequate conservation practices.
Why is rainfall so destructive to bare cropland? In a normal rainfall, raindrops range in size from 1 to 7 millimeters in diameter and hit the ground going as fast as 20 miles per hour. The impact of millions of raindrops hitting the bare soil surface can be incredible, dislodging soil particles and splashing them 3 to 5 feet away .
A heavy rainstorm may splash as much as 90 tons of soil per acre. However, the majority of the soil splashed is not immediately lost from the field. Most of the splashed soil particles don't leave the field; they clog surface pores, which in turn reduces water infiltration, increases water runoff, and increases soil erosion.
Tillage and cropping management systems are critical components for reducing raindrop impact on soil particles due to the availability of crop residue to protect the soil surface. Excessive tillage can damage soil structure, leading to increased soil sealing and soil erosion. Conservation systems promote soil aggregates, infiltration and soil tilth.
Additionally, the improved soil structure of no-tillage and other conservation tillage systems stands up better against raindrops. A conservation system that includes high amounts of crop residue such as corn or fall cover crop traditionally provide abundant residue cover to protect the soil surface from spring rains.
Remember that spring is the best time to evaluate conservation systems for their impact on improving soil and water quality since this is generally when we see the most runoff producing rainfall events
Options for Adjusting Spring Field OperationsWith spring weather and the most susceptible field conditions for water erosion here, what options remain before planting or should be considered in future years? Farmers should consider the effect of any additional tillage on remaining crop residue. If residue cover should fall below 30 percent, adjust your field operations to minimize potential soil erosion due to early spring rain.
Nitrogen LossThis unseasonable heavy rain we are experiencing can cause significant nitrogen (N) loss due to leaching and sediment loss due to surface runoff. From long-term studies in Iowa, nitrate concentration in tile drainage commonly can be as high as 20 mg/L during the spring drainage period. Considering these concentrations and recent rain where as much as 2 to 4 inches of water may have been existed through the tile systems, nitrogen losses could be on the order of 9 to 18 lb-N/acre.
A six-year study (1993-1998) on subsurface drainage and drainage water quality in northeast Iowa showed lower nitrate concentration where no-till practices have been used compared to where a chisel plow system was used (9.5 mg/L for no-till versus 11.2 mg/L for chisel plow). 781b155fdc